Medical Disclaimer

Last updated: 1 September 2026

General information only

The health information on this website is provided for general education. It is not individual medical advice, and it does not create a doctor–patient relationship. It should not be used to diagnose or treat a health problem, and it is no substitute for a consultation with a qualified doctor who has assessed you personally.

Every patient is different

Descriptions of conditions and treatments on this site are necessarily general. What is right for one man may be wrong for another, depending on his symptoms, examination findings, test results, other medical conditions and medication. Do not start, stop or change any treatment on the strength of something you have read here.

Outcomes and testimonials

Patient comments published on this website are the personal experiences of individual patients, reproduced as written. They are not a prediction of the outcome of your own treatment. No result is guaranteed.

When to seek urgent help

Do not use this website in an emergency. Seek urgent medical care, or call 999, if you have:

• Sudden severe pain or swelling in a testicle
• An inability to pass urine at all
• Heavy visible bleeding in your urine, or clots
• A painful erection lasting more than four hours
• Fever with loin or back pain and difficulty passing urine

For urgent but non-emergency advice in the UK, call NHS 111.

External websites

We link to NHS, NICE, BAUS, EAU and other external sources for further reading. We are not responsible for the content of external websites, and a link is not an endorsement of everything on them.

Keeping this current

Clinical guidance changes. We review our clinical pages periodically, but medicine moves and there may be a delay between a guideline changing and this website reflecting it. Always check with your own doctor.